Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis -- NSF

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NFS) is a rare complication that a patient with kidney function insufficiency may develop after receiving MRI contras media (Gadolinium). Gadolinium is excreted from the patient body via kidneys and hepatobiliary system.

The chance of an insufficient kidney function patient to develop NFS is increased if the patient has low Creatinine Clearance or Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) at less than 30 ml/min/1.73 sqm.

The signs and symptoms of NFS are thicken dry skin, nodules under skin, stiff joints, and fibrotic changes in liver, lungs, heart, and muscle. There is no cure for the NFS.